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Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control

By Ku Ahmad Mudrikah Ku Mukhtar , Mohammad Hafizh Asyraf Ismail , Ahmad Farhan Ahmad Fuad, Afif Asyraf, Zaki Zakwan

There are three steps used to manage health and safety at work:

1. Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification)
2. Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment)
3. Make the Changes (Risk Control)

At work you can use these three ThinkSafe steps to help prevent accidents.

Using the ThinkSafe steps

1. Spot the Hazard

Key Point
A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else.

Examples of workplace hazards include:

• frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
• boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone)
• noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing)

During work experience, you must remain alert to anything that may be dangerous. If you see, hear or smell anything odd, take note. If you think it could be a hazard, tell someone.

2. Assess the Risk

Key Point
Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and how serious the harm could be.

Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two questions:

• how likely is it that the hazard could harm me or someone else?
• how badly could I or someone else be harmed?

Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and safety representative) about hazards you can't fix yourself, especially if the hazard could cause serious harm to anyone.

For example:

• ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using equipment
• ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects
• tell your supervisor if you think a work practice could be dangerous

If you are not sure of the safest way to do something on work experience, always ask your work experience supervisor.

3. Make the Changes

Key Point
It is your employer's responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be able to fix simple hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or others at risk. For example, you can pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip hazard.

The best way to fix a hazard is to get rid of it altogether. This is not always possible, but your employer should try to make hazards less dangerous by looking at the following options (in order from most effective to least effective):

• Elimination - Sometimes hazards - equipment, substances or work practices - can be avoided entirely. (e.g. Clean high windows from the ground with an extendable pole cleaner, rather than by climbing a ladder and risking a fall.)
• Substitution - Sometimes a less hazardous thing, substance or work practice can be used. (e.g. Use a non-toxic glue instead of a toxic glue.)
• Isolation - Separate the hazard from people, by marking the hazardous area, fitting screens or putting up safety barriers. (e.g. Welding screens can be used to isolate welding operations from other workers. Barriers and/or boundary lines can be used to separate areas where forklifts operate near pedestrians in the workplace.)
• Safeguards - Safeguards can be added by modifying tools or equipment, or fitting guards to machinery. These must never be removed or disabled by workers using the equipment.
• Instructing workers in the safest way to do something - This means developing and enforcing safe work procedures. Students on work experience must be given information and instruction and must follow agreed procedures to ensure their safety.
• Using personal protective equipment and clothing (PPE) - If risks remain after the options have been tried, it may be necessary to use equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE can protect you from hazards associated with jobs such as handling chemicals or working in a noisy environment.

Sometimes, it will require more than one of the risk control measures above to effectively reduce exposure to hazards.

FIRST AID KIT By
Ku Ahmad Mudrikah Ku Mukhtar , Mohammad Hafizh Asyraf Ismail , Ahmad Farhan Ahmad Fuad, Afif Asyraf, Zaki Zakwan

First aid is a vital aspect in every household. It means the initial or the first action to be done in case of an emergency . In other words, it is the administration of emergency assistance to individuals who have been injured or otherwise disabled, prior to the arrival of a physician or transportation to a hospital. It may improve the situation or perhaps solving the problem all together. But, first aid should never be the substitution for definitive medical care.

The kit should contain the following items

• Sterilized cotton gauze swab.
• Sterilized gauze and cotton wool pad.
• Assorted adhesive plasters.
• Elastic bandages.
• Triangular bandage.
• Clinical thermometer.
• Scissors.
• Pointed tweezers.
• Safety pins or clips.
• External medication – anti-itch cream, antiseptic lotion, etc.
• Internal medication – antacid, pain reliever, fever reliever, etc.

The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 require you to provide adequate and appropriate first-aid equipment, facilities and people so your employees can be given immediate help if they are injured or taken ill at work.

What is ‘adequate and appropriate’ will depend on the circumstances in your workplace and you should assess what your first-aid needs are.

The minimum first-aid provision on any work site is:

■ a suitably stocked first-aid box.

■ an appointed person to take charge of first-aid arrangements.

■ information for employees about first-aid arrangements.

It is important to remember that accidents and illness can happen at any time. First-aid provision needs to be available at all times people are at work.

First- Aider

A first-aider is someone who has undertaken training and has a qualification that HSE approves. This means that they must hold a valid certificate of competence in either:

■ first aid at work (FAW), issued by a training organisation approved by HSE; or

■ emergency first aid at work (EFAW), issued by a training organisation approved by HSE or a recognised Awarding Body of Ofqual/Scottish Qualifications Authority.

You can obtain lists of suitable training providers and Awarding Bodies from HSE’s Infoline.

Use the findings of your first-aid needs assessment to decide whether first-aiders should be trained in FAW or EFAW. EFAW training enables a first-aider to give emergency first aid to someone who is injured or becomes ill while at work. FAW training includes EFAW and also equips the first-aider to apply first aid to a range of specific injuries and illness. As a guide, Table 2 suggests the first-aid personnel to provide under different circumstances.

To help keep their basic skills up to date, it is strongly recommended that your firstaiders undertake annual refresher training. The training organisations referred to above can run these courses.

Tahniah

1	03DIP09F2038	73
2	03DIP10F1061	75
3	03DIP10F1093	72
4	03DIP10F1094	86
5	03DIP10F1095	81
6	03DIP10F1097	84
7	03DIP10F1098	81
8	03DIP10F1099	84
9	03DIP10F1100	92
10	03DIP10F1101	75
11	03DIP10F1103	82
12	03DIP10F1105	71
13	03DIP10F1106	76
14	03DIP10F1107	73
15	03DIP10F1108	82
16	03DIP10F1109	94
17	03DIP10F1110	89
18	03DIP10F1112	80
19	03DIP10F1113	71
20	03DIP10F1114	66
21	03DIP10F1115	89
22	03DIP10F1116	67
23	03DIP10F1117	80
24	03DIP10F1119	76
25	03DIP10F1120	85
26	03DIP10F1121	69
27	03DIP10F1123	73
28	03DIP10F1124	84
29	03DIP10F1125	83
30	03DIP10F1127	73
31	03DIP10F1128	73

by maallini doraisingam

03dip10f1117

First aid

Meaning=

First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by a non-expert person to a sick or injured person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed. Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention. It generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.

First aid kits

· sharp scissors

· safety pins

· first aid manual

· antiseptic wipes

· alcohol wipes

· thermometer

· tweezers

· calamine lotion

· plastic non-latex gloves (at least 2 pairs)

After you have done keeping it….NEXT is??

· Read the entire first-aid manual so you'll understand how to use the contents of your kits. (If your kids are old enough to understand, review the manuals with them.)

· Store first-aid kits in places that are out of children's reach but easily accessible for adults.

· Check the kits regularly. Replace missing items or medicines that may have expired.

· Check the flashlight batteries to make sure they work.

by maallini doraisingam

03dip10f1117

Kemalangan di tempat kerja

Incident prevention

An unsafe occurance arising of or in the course of work.

Causes of incident

Unsafe act caused by human

Unsafe condition physical

Personal protective equipment

1. safety helmet- head protection

2. ear plug-hearing protection

3. goggles-eye protection

4. safety mask-respiratory protection

5. safety gloves-hand protection

6. body harness-safety belt

7. safety boot-leg protection

8. protective clothing-body protection

We need all this things to makesure we are safe from accidents which is the result of our carelessness.

by maallini doraisingam

03dip10f1117

Hirarc

Hirarc is hazard identification,risk assessement,and risk control.

Classification of hazard

a.) physically-noise,vibration,heat,etc.

b.) biological-radiation,virus,hiv,aids.

c.) Chemical-acid,poison

d.) Physhological-demotiyated

e.) Ergonomic-workplace design

Hazard identification

a.) observation

b.) report

c.) detector

Risk assessment

Process of estimating the magnitude at risk and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable.

Risk control

1. Elimination

2. Substitution

3. Isolation

4. Engineering

5. Administrative

6. Work practice

HIRARC

FATIN SYAZWANI BINTI RAMLEE (F1115)

NUR AZREENA ZAHIRA BINTI KAMARUZAMAN(F1128)

NUR SYUHADA BINTI YAACOB (F1123)

NURUL SYIFA' BINTI ADNAN (F1121)

SITI NOR SYAKIRAH BINTI MOHD SAID(F1110)

Introduction to HIRARC

Ø  Principles used in workplace to manage safety and health.

Ø  Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994which reads “ the provision and maintenance of plants and systems of work  that are,so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health”  .

We need to know about OSH because

Ø  It is a requirement under the law (OSHA and its Regulations)

Ø  We need to make provisions for securing the safety, health and welfare of our colleagues

Ø  We need to make provisions for protecting our clients against risks to safety or health in connection with our trade and activities It is a requirement under the law (OSHA and its Regulations)

In order for us to achieve the objectives of OSH we need to look intoHIRARC which is the basis of occupational safety and health. HIRARCis a compound word which is made up of three consecutive activities running one after the other. The activities consist of Hazard Indentification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control. Hazard indentification is the recognising of things which may cause injury or harm to a person. Risk assessment is the looking at the possibility of injury or harm occuring to a person if exposed to a hazard. The introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a harzard is known as Risk control

We need to know about HIRARC because:

·         it is the core business of all OSH personnel, safety committee members, supervisors...etc.

·         it is a DIRECTIVE from the Chief Secretary of the government service to all government departments and agencies through its letter of directive: UPTM 159/267/50 Klt.4 dated 20^th of August 2004. 

Before the proccess of identifying any hazards begin, it is necessary to know how to classify what is hazard, risk and danger.

·         Hazard - anything that can cause harm.

·         Risk - a probability of harm actually being done.

·         Danger - the relative exposure to a hazard.

Ø  Planning And Conducting OF HIRARC

Purpose of HIRARC

Ø  The purpose of HIRARC are as follows:-

Ø  A)To identify all the factors that may cause harm to employees and others (the hazards)

Ø  B)To consider what the chances are of that harm actually be falling anyone in thecircumstances of a particular case and the possible severity that could come promit (the risks) and

Ø  C)To enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensure that the risks are adequately controlled at all times.

Ø  Planning of HIRARC Activities

Ø  HIRARC activities shall be plan and conducted –

Ø  A)For situation –

Ø  i.where hazard appear to pose signif cant threat;
ii.uncertain whether existing controls are adequate; or/and
iii.before implementing corrective or preventive measures.

Ø  B)By organization intending to continuously improve OSH Management System.

Ø  It should be the duty of the employer to assign a trained personnel to lead a team of employees associated with one particular process or activity to conduct HIRARC

Ø  Process of HIRARC

Ø  Process of HIRARC requires 4 simple steps -

Ø  a. classify work activities;

Ø  b. identify hazard;

Ø  c.conduct risk assessment (analyze and estimate risk from each hazard), bycalculating or estimating -

o   i.likelihood of occurrence, and

o   ii. severity of hazard;

Ø  d.decide if risk is tolerable and apply control measures (if necessary)